The genes are arranged in the order of 3′ N–P/C/V–M–F–H–L 5′ and separated by inter-genic region and the nucleotides follows the “ rule- of- six”. The genome is a negative sense single stranded-RNA, approximately 16 Kilo bases (kb) long with negative polarity. The virus is a pleomorphic particle with a lipoprotein membrane enveloping a ribo-nucleoprotein core, which contains RNA genome. The causative agent, PPR virus (PPRV) is an enveloped RNA virus belongs to the genus Morbillivirus of the family Paramyxoviridae (sub family Paramyxovirinae) under the order Mononegavirales with other members of the genus, which include rinderpest virus (RPV), measles virus (MV), canine distemper virus (CDV), phocine distemper virus (PDV) and dolphin and porpoise morbillivirus (DMV). Clinically, the disease resembles rinderpest (RP) in cattle and is characterized by high fever (pyrexia), conjunctivitis, oculo-nasal discharges, necrotizing and erosive stomatitis, diarrhea, and bronchopneumonia followed by either death of the animal or recovery from the disease. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), is an acute, highly contagious, world organization for animal health (WOAH-OIE) notifiable and economically important transboundary viral disease of sheep and goats associated with high morbidity and mortality. This review article primarily focus on the current scenario of PPR diagnosis and its control programme with advancement of research areas that have taken place in the recent years with future perspectives. Availability of effective and safe live attenuated cell culture PPR vaccines and diagnostics have boosted the recently launched centrally sponsored control programme in India and also in other countries. PPR is the one of the priority animal diseases whose control is considered important for poverty alleviation in enzootic countries. The disease can be diagnosed from its clinical signs, pathological lesions, and specific detection of virus antigen/antibodies/genome in the clinical samples by various serological tests and molecular assays. The disease is clinically manifested by pyrexia, oculo-nasal discharges, necrotizing and erosive stomatitis, gastroenteritis, diarrhoea and bronchopneumonia. PPR is considered as one of the main constraints in augmenting the productivity of small ruminants in developing countries and particularly severely affects poor farmer’s economy. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, highly contagious, world organization for animal health (OIE) notifiable and economically important transboundary viral disease of sheep and goats associated with high morbidity and mortality and caused by PPR virus.
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